IBM Qiskit software development kit

IBM Qiskit is an open-source software development kit (SDK) for working with quantum computers at the level of circuits, algorithms, and application modules.

The Repository is https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit

If you are interested in using quantum services (i.e. using a real quantum computer, not a simulator) you can look at the Qiskit Partners program for partner organizations that have provider packages available for their offerings: https://qiskit.org/documentation/partners/

For more information, please refer to the official website and Wikipedia.

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My blogs: AI club, Quantum club 

Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment

In the previous article, I mentioned that scientists have done many experiments, and experiment after experiment has brought incredible results.

After many experiments mentioned in my previous article, John Wheeler proposed “Wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment”, which refers to a series of thought experiments in quantum physics, the first being proposed by him in 1978. Wheeler anticipated that what is done at the exit port of the experimental device before the photon is detected will determine whether it displays interference phenomena or not.

If Wheeler’s hypothesis is correct, two possibilities could open up. One is that the photon can predict when scientists will observe it; the other is that the photon can reverse what has happened -- retrocausality.

Then, scientists proposed various experiments such as "quantum eraser experiment" and "delayed-choice quantum eraser experiment".

The actual experiments are ongoing matters, and because it involves huge interests or state secrets, the latest experimental results may not be made public at this moment. In addition, the debate among scientists continues. As for the information we can find on the Internet now, it is not necessarily reliable.

In the following articles, I will start from the application point of view, such as Quantum Computer. Subsequent articles will talk about Quantum entanglement, superposition, tunneling, etc.

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.

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My blogs: AI club, Quantum club

Thomas Young's Double-slit Experiment

In 1678, Christiaan Huygens gave a famous speech in France, which triggered a famous debate that lasted for more than 300 years, “What is light?”.

In the end, wave–particle duality was recognized by most people, not only for light, but also for all particles in nature.

In the journey of human beings to explore what light is, Thomas Young devised the Double-Slit experiment to demonstrate the wave nature of light. Sometime in the first decade of the 1800s, Young performed his initial double-slit experiment with light, demonstrating how the interference of the light waves from the two slits led to the creation of a distinctive fringe pattern on a screen.

Geoffrey Ingram (GI) Taylor carried out an Double-Slit experiment in 1909 in which he demonstrated that interference fringes may be produced by even the weakest light source, which is comparable to “a candle burning at a distance just over a mile.” It is expected that this is like shooting out photons one by one, and there should be no interference fringes. Interference is the interaction of two waves. If only one photon passes through the slit at a time, who can it interfere with?

Since a photon is maybe just a concept, it is still possible to pass through the double slit in the form of a wave, is it still possible to have interference fringes? 

German physicist Claus Jönsson used electrons instead of photons for a double-slit experiment in 1961. Electrons have mass and are out-and-out particles, but the result is still bright and dark interference fringes. 

In 1974, several Italian physicists managed to emit only one electron at a time, and interference fringes still appeared. Is it possible that electrons can split into two parts and pass through the double slits, otherwise who would it interact with?

To understand this, scientists have come up with an idea. Can an observation instrument be added between the double-slit plate and the detection plate to see whether each photon/electron passes through from the left or the right. The idea was simple and straightforward, but the experimental results were unexpected.

Every time you look at the photon/electron, the interference fringes disappear. That is, when you look at the photon/electron, the photon/electron behaves like an individual particle. When you don't observe it, it behaves like a wave.

Can a photon/electron know if someone is watching it?

The scientists went a step further and did more experiments. Experiment after experiment brought more incredible results. I will continue this journey of discovery in follow-up articles. Teleportation, time travel, changing history, and predicting the future may not be the imagination of science fiction movies. These are what quantum mechanics will bring.

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.

I hope that this information will help. If you need any further information, please feel free to contact me. https://discord.gg/HKCbtBymD3

My blogs: AI club, Quantum club

The Quantum Era Is Arriving

The Quantum Era Is Arriving, And It Will Be Transformational !

Is quantum science really far away from our daily life?

In 2015, the UK launched the National Quantum Technologies Program.

The UK National Quantum Technologies Program (NQTP) is a £1 billion dynamic collaboration between industry, academia and government. It represents and guides the fission of a leading-edge science into transformative new products and services.

In 2018, Germany adopted a quantum technology plan.

It included a total of 2 billion Euro earmarked to strengthen quantum technologies, adding to the 650 million Euro already committed via an earlier framework program. The German strategy in the race for the quantum computer

In 2018, the United States passed the NQI program, investing $1.275 billion in four years.

In 2019, Google’s quantum computer did a calculation in less than four minutes that would take the world’s most powerful computer 10,000 years to do and is About 158 million times faster Than the world’s fastest supercomputer.

For more research plans and investments, you may refer to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_technology

Quantum Sensing

One area where quantum technologies have already arrived is in quantum measurement and sensing. It is already being used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and navigational devices.

Quantum Sensors—Unlike Quantum Computers—Are Already Here - Defense One

Quantum Encryption

Currently emerging prototype quantum computers are not strong enough to crack long asymmetric cryptographic keys, but the risk is real. The Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act by the US Congress would make the federal government develop a strategy to protect federal IT systems from hacks by quantum computers. Bipartisan Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Bill Passes in House, Awaits Action from Senate; Rep. Ro Khanna Quoted (executivegov.com)

NIST Announces First Four Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Algorithms | NIST

Quantum IoT

Loosely defined, the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the general idea of things that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the Internet. It encompasses devices, sensors, people, data, and machines and the interactions between them. 

As we rapidly continue to evolve into the IoT and the new digital economy, both edge devices and data are proliferating at amazing rates. The challenge now is how do we monitor and ensure quality service of the IoT? Responsiveness, scalability, processes, and efficiency are needed to best service any innovative technology or capability. Especially across trillions of sensors.

Quantum Trends And The Internet of Things (forbes.com)

Resources for Quantum

Below are some organizations that have a wealth of information for a deeper dive into quantum topics.

Quantum Security Alliance: Quantum Security Alliance was formed to bring academia, industry, researchers, and US government entities together to identify, define, collaborate, baseline, standardize and protect sovereign countries, society, and individuals from the far-reaching impacts of Quantum Computing. 

IEEE Quantum is an IEEE Future Directions initiative launched in 2019 that serves as IEEE's leading community for all projects and activities on quantum technologies. IEEE Quantum is supported by leadership and representation across IEEE Societies and OUs. The initiative has developed a project plan to address the current landscape of quantum technologies, identify challenges and opportunities, leverage and collaborate with existing initiatives, engage the quantum community at large, and sustain the Quantum Initiative in the long-term.

Quantum Strategy Institute is an international network of cross-domain experts with a rich and varied expertise, sharing a passion for quantum technologies.

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My blogs: AI club, Quantum club